Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Aristotle and Nicomachean Ethics - 1382 Words

Aristotle provides the teleological approach of how to live well in his collection of lectures, Nicomachean Ethics. In Book II of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle presents his definition of virtue in which it is a kind of mean (N.E. 129). According to Aristotle, moral virtue is a means to an end, happiness. By using Sophocless Antigone, I will support Aristotles theory of virtue in which he reasons it to be a state of character between two extremes. A virtue that remains relevant today as it did during Aristotles era is that of courage. By using Aristotles account on what represents the virtue of courage, I will demonstrate how it could be applied to the dilemma the characters of Antigone encounter. Even his definition of justice is†¦show more content†¦143). Did Antigone use what was in her power to flourish and live well? Based on Aristotles theory, her rashness and inability to deliberate led her to an action which deprived her of happiness. Even after she had made her decis ion and sentenced by King Creon to live out the rest of her days in a cave, her lack of experience in deliberating well and habit of making impulsive decisions led her to create the ultimatum of death by her own hands. Again this rashness prevented her from being saved by King Creon when he had realized his rule to be too rigid. On the other hand, Ismene decided to act upon deficit and give in to fear. Ismene did not even contemplate disobeying King Creon in order to pursue the endeavor of restoring her brothers honor which she also held he deserved. Instead she succumbed to the feeling of trepidation, which although it did not directly threaten her life, did hinder her capacity to reach her full potential as a human being. Although there may never be a clear and concise course of action defined for Antigone and Ismene; what is apparent is that they represented the excessiveness and deficit that should be avoided in order to be virtuous. As Aristotle remarks, a master of any art avo ids excess and deficit but seeks the intermediate and chooses this-the intermediate not in the object but relatively to us (N.E 138). This statement demonstrates how Aristotles notion of virtuosity has flexibility, which allows each situationShow MoreRelatedAristotle Of Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics1487 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Happiness: it’s something we humans search far and wide for, to attain before we are called home at death. We go through our daily lives, making choices, commitments, changes, decisions. We set goals for ourselves, push ourselves, hurt ourselves, inspire ourselves, lose ourselves, find ourselves†¦but why? Whether it is a conscious effort or not, no matter who you are or where you find yourself at this very moment, there is one ultimately satisfying hope that brings usRead MoreThe Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† (Ross, n.d.). Aristotle believed that both external (wealth, material possessions) and internal (temperance, courage, etc.) contributed to a person’s happiness and that a person’s final goal was to find the â€Å"good† or their function in life. He also believed that theRead MoreEssay Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle1464 Words   |  6 Pages An Exposition of Aristotelian Virtues In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores virtues as necessary conditions for being happy. A virtuous person is a person with a disposition toward virtuous actions and who derives pleasure from behaving virtuously. Aristotle distinguishes between two types of human virtue: virtues of thought and virtues of character. Virtues of thought are acquired through learning and include virtues like wisdom and prudence; virtues of character include bravery andRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known mustRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle1667 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book Nicomachean Ethics, by Aristotle, Aristotle describes various way of living one’s life, the ultimate goal in life, and how to achieve happiness and live the best life. Aristotle describes three different kinds of lives in Nicomachean Ethics. These three lives consists of the life of honor, the life of pleasure, and the life of study. Aristotle, from the first book, insists that the life of study or contempla tion is considered to be the best life. He argues that self-sufficiency is requiredRead MoreComparing Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics 2500 Words   |  10 Pages According to Aristotle, friendship shares the same qualities of a proper self-love. In Aristotle’s†Nicomachean Ethics† (book 9), he asks us, if there is such a thing as friendship with oneself. He states that people who are good friends to others tend to be comfortable with themselves, therefore, they do not mind being alone because they have a clear conscience. However, Aristotle also says, that people who are not comfortable with themselves, tendRead MoreAristotle s Nicomachean Ethics : Friendship1744 Words   |  7 Pagesit is useful to them in their time of need or a friendship that gives the person both pleasure and usefulness. A person may have these types of friendships with different people. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, brings up what the best kind of friendship is. A long-lasting friendship is the best kind (Aristotle 221). This is an important concept when it comes living a good and ethical life. It is not only important to kno w why some friendships do not last long, but it may also help a person figureRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Nicomachean Ethics 871 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to be a person of practical wisdom one should possess good moral reasoning and good inclinations. Aristotle first introduces these concepts in his book The Nicomachean Ethics, but he does not mention a really important virtue, the virtue of forgiveness. If mastered correctly, forgiveness can lead a person to acquire additional, and equally important good habits. That is why, in order to recognize the importance of this virtue, it is necessary to make a deep expository analysis. By definitionRead MoreThe Moral Life Of Aristotle s Nicomachean Ethics1345 Words   |  6 PagesIn the second book of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle talks about the virtues that are needed to live a moral life. He explains what a good life consists of and the proper development and management of the elements within a man. This reading covers everything from how to acquire a virtue, to the differences and meaning behind pleasure and pain. In the first chapter, Aristotle divides virtue into two separate meanings. The first one is virtue of thought, which requires you to learnRead MoreUnderstanding Aristotle ´s Nicomachean Ethics Essay715 Words   |  3 Pageswas the one I would have to answer, because it was the one I wasnt sure I could. I felt the prompt would allow me the opportunity to directly illustrate the person that I am. However, my current knowlege and interpretation of Aristotles â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics† has made the task reprehensibly difficult. I found myself wandering through a mind-numbingly agonizing process to properly address the prompt. This process consisted of working through two separate paths that addressed the topic. Though,

Monday, December 23, 2019

How The Media Regulate Agents - 1446 Words

What is the Landscape Currently? Now that an analysis has been constructed to compare the media regulating agents, a second analysis must be molded in order to recognize the current media landscape. This needs to be established in order to bring justification to any policy changes at the government or industrial levels. If the common child’s media landscape reflexes the sociocultural environment that is desired, then no policy change is require. On the other hand, if there is dissonance present, then a policy adjustment is needed. The question now rises on what type of sociocultural environment is desired. While this can be highly subjected on an individual case, one could make argument for broaden sociocultural goals on a macro or†¦show more content†¦With that being said, it is still possible to create a sociocultural goal to act as a standard to compare with media policies. Many of these standards are already incorporated into the language of American policies. For example, violence, sexual, profa ne, and dangerous substance contents are used as a standard in most of the industries’ regulatory systems. Typically these standards are a reflection of risky or illegal behavior that could be modeled by the audience. For the purpose of this article, a look at two of these common standards will be evaluated in two parts. First, an evaluation of the media content’s relationship to influence the audience to conduct in a risky behavior will be reviewed, and second it’s prevalence in the current media landscape will be mentioned. For the sake of relevance towards the legality of the situation, this article will look at the content of violent and sexual content in media. While many other standards can and need to be discussed, these two are the most prevalent in the current media and political conversation. How does Violence Play in Children Media? In a longitudinal study that lasted for fifteen years, Leonard Eron and Rowell Huesmann found a specif ic causation between the violent television content and an increase amount of aggression from adults who were raised in this

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 4 Free Essays

Not the same one. Couldn’t be. I stood near the window shaking my head, unreasonably spooked by a flower. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well, maybe not unreasonably. I hadn’t brought it here. My gaze flicked around the room. There wasn’t anywhere to hide, except – I glanced at the floor, and the breath I’d been holding streamed out in relief. The wooden bed frame ended at the carpet. There was no â€Å"under the bed.† Slowly I crept toward the bathroom. Why I didn’t just call security I’m still not sure. Perhaps I couldn’t bring myself to say, â€Å"I found a flower. Save me!† I’d left on the bathroom light as I always did when sleeping in a strange place. I hated walking into walls half-asleep. The reflection in the vanity mirror revealed there was no one inside. Just as there was nothing in the closet. Which meant – I turned toward the window. The curtains, meant to block the sun so Mardi Gras partiers could sleep away the day, also blocked everything else. Unable to bear not knowing, I strode across the room and whipped them back. Then stared past the empty balcony, studying the flickering neon across the street My room was on the fifth floor. How could anyone scale the hotel without being seen from below? But would the drunks even notice? If they had, would they care or merely cheer? However, if they’d cheered, I’d have heard them. â€Å"Damn,† I muttered. Someone had been here. But who? How? Why? All questions for a time when the sun was shining. Too bad they kept me up for the rest of the night. Dawn found me dressed and swilling coffee from the complimentary urn in the lobby. If I could have positioned my mouth directly beneath the spigot without undue notice, I would have. I was so tired. I showed the concierge the address on my handy dandy sheet of paper. Contrary to the opinion of the sexy-voiced Cajun with an attitude, the concierge confirmed it as the location of a trustworthy guide service – CW Swamp Tours. I retraced my route to the dock where a man waited on an airboat. â€Å"Deanna Malone?† I guess he was waiting for me. â€Å"Diana,† I corrected, and he grinned. I wished that he hadn’t His teeth were nothing to write home about. They’d make a short letter, since there were so few left. A shame. He didn’t appear a day over twenty. â€Å"Mr. Tallient sent me.† The accent was Deep South – not a hint of France, and I missed it. â€Å"I was here yesterday,† I said. His face, which resembled both Howdy Doody and Richie Cunningham, despite the bright white hair that shone beneath the morning sun like a reflector, crumpled with the effort of thought. â€Å"Was I supposed to come yeste’day? I get confused.† Hell. I hoped he didn’t get confused in the middle of the swamp. â€Å"I met someone – † I began. â€Å"No one but me comes to this place.† â€Å"Tall, dark.† I left out â€Å"handsome,† fearing I’d sound too much like Snow White. â€Å"Long hair.† My guide shrugged. â€Å"Don’t bring no one to mind.† â€Å"Did Frank – Mr. Tallient – tell you what I need †¦?† I wondered if he was Adam Ruelle, except Ruelle was mysteriously missing. Besides, I doubted a man who had been raised in a mansion, however broken down, would let his teeth rot out of his head. Then again, I could be wrong. â€Å"What’s your name?† â€Å"Charlie Wagner. Tallient said you wanted to look for the wolf.† â€Å"Have you seen one?† Charlie’s gaze slid from mine. â€Å"Can’t say as I have.† I found his choice of words interesting. He couldn’t say. Didn’t mean he hadn’t seen it â€Å"You gonna meet me here at dusk?† he asked. â€Å"Dusk?† The last time I’d come at dusk I’d nearly been eaten by an alligator, and that had been the best part. I remembered the voice, the scent of smoke, his breath in my hair, and his arm cradling my breasts. A long, long time had passed since a man’s anything had been near them. Maybe the alligator hadn’t been the best part, after all. â€Å"Wolves don’t come out in the light,† Charlie explained. I knew that â€Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"Dusk.† He made no move to leave. After several silent moments, I asked the only question I still had: â€Å"Do you know Adam Ruelle?† Charlie had been peering into my face, and now he glanced away. â€Å"Never met him.† â€Å"Know where he lives?† â€Å"No one does.† â€Å"What about the Ruelle place?† Charlie pointed to the far side of the water and the waving grass. I had nothing else to do Tallient had already hired Charlie. And I was curious. â€Å"Take me there,† I said. Charlie’s boat was a smooth, fast ride. I probably should have been wary. Airboats flipped in the swamp all the time. But the whip of the wind in my hair, the sun on my face, was too enjoyable to ruin with what-ifs. In the daylight, the swamp was beautiful. A riot of colors, hardly any alligators, not a nutria rat to be had. I doubted the area would be as appealing tonight. The red, stalklike flower grew everywhere. I jabbed my finger at a clump as we scooted past, but since we both wore earphones to drown out the blare of the boat, Charlie wasn’t going to be answering my questions anytime soon. He merely flashed me his un-teeth and kept driving. The Ruelle Mansion became visible as we slid wide around a small island. The place would fit perfectly on a Halloween card. The boards had gone gray; the windows were broken; the porch listed to one side. Despite its condition and obvious age, the word stately came to mind. In days past, music, laughter, life, had filled the rooms. If I concentrated very hard, I could imagine the Ruelle Mansion coming alive again. Most plantations in this part of Louisiana were located on the Great River Road, which ran from New Orleans to Baton Rouge. Finding one here was as mysterious as it was fascinating. I felt as if I’d stepped through a time warp and into another century. Charlie cut the engine, and we bumped against the decaying dock. â€Å"How long since someone lived here?† I asked. â€Å"Used to be a lot of transients in and out. But no one lately.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"People got spooked. Ha’nts and such. Heard tell a few folks disappeared and no one ever saw ’em again.† I stared at the building. If any place looked haunted, the Ruelle Mansion did. ‘I’d think the walls would have rotted in the damp.† â€Å"Made of cypress wood from the swamp. Never rots. House’ll stand until the end of time.† While I should have been reassured that the structure was sound, instead I was a bit creeped out that the house would be standing here when the rest of the world had passed away. â€Å"Come with me,† I ordered. I wasn’t afraid of ghosts, but I had a hard time believing every homeless person in the area had been scared off by the rumors. I didn’t relish running into a transient as I wandered through the place. Charlie shrugged, tied up the boat, and followed. â€Å"What’re those flowers?† I indicated a patch that seemed to mark the end of the yard and the beginning of the swamp. â€Å"The tall red ones.† â€Å"Fire iris.† â€Å"Pretty.† I took a step in their direction. â€Å"Don’t touch ’em!† â€Å"Why?† I had visions of hives, rashes, swamp warts. Hell. The thing had been on my bed. â€Å"Bad luck.† â€Å"What kind of bad luck?† â€Å"Hoodoo and such.† Hoodoo was an old-time, backwoods version of – â€Å"Voodoo?† His only answer was another shrug. This was the second time voodoo had entered the conversation since I’d gotten here. Of course I was in New Orleans, the voodoo capital of America. I shouldn’t be surprised. I wasn’t. However, I decided it might behoove me to make a visit to Priestess Cassandra after all. Charlie climbed the steps, his boots thunking against the worn wood like distant thunder. The sun threatened to cook everything well done, yet he wore jeans, a long-sleeved shirt, and work boots. I suspected the latter had something to do with snakes. Glancing at my sneakers, I made a mental note to buy heavier shoes. He opened the door, and I followed him in. Someone had stayed here once. Several hundred someones, by the size of the garbage pile. The smell didn’t help. Old food, new dirt, and†¦ I could have sworn I smelled blood. I shook my head. The place was dim, dusty, dirty, but there wasn’t any blood. Why would there be? If there’d ever been any furniture, it was gone now, either stolen or maybe used as kindling – although I couldn’t imagine the weather ever being cold enough to warrant a bonfire. There weren’t any holes in the roof or the floor, only the windows. With some elbow grease and a few pounds of soap and water, the place could be habitable again. Hey, I’d seen worse. A board creaked overhead, as if someone had accidentally stepped on a crack, then frozen at the sound. â€Å"Hello?† Charlie called. No one answered. I jerked my head toward the stairs and together we climbed them, splitting up on the second floor. Charlie took the right side; I took the left. I didn’t find anything but dirt until I reached the last room near the back of the house. There wasn’t anyone there – at least no one alive. Ha-ha. But there was a picture on the wall. A very old, very interesting picture. I was still looking at it five minutes later, trying not to hyperventilate, when Charlie found me. â€Å"Who is that?† I asked. â€Å"Ruelle.† â€Å"I thought you’d never met him.† Charlie cut me a quick glance. â€Å"Not Adam. That there’s his granddaddy, several generations back.† He tapped the corner of the photo where a tiny notation read: 1857. I’d been too flipped out to notice. â€Å"Name’s Henri.† Charlie spoke the name with a French twist, dropping the h, putting the accent on the second syllable. â€Å"He’s been dead nearly a hundred and fifty years.† Charlie’s words reached me from a long way off. I couldn’t stop staring at the photo. The face was that of the man in my dream. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 4, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Principles Of Corporate Finance Essentials Of Investment - Free Sampl

Questions: To fill out the first table, you will need to select 3 bonds with maturities between 10 and 20 years with bond ratings of "A to AAA," "B to BBB" and "C to CC" (you may want to use bond screener at the Web site linked above).All of these bonds will have these values (future values) of $1,000. You will need to use a coupon rate of the bond times the face value to calculate the annual coupon payment. You should subtract the maturity date from the current year to determine the time to maturity. The Web site should provide you with the yield to maturity and the current quote for the bond. (Be sure to multiply the bond quote by 10 to get the current market value.) You will then need to indicate whether the bond is currently trading at a discount, premium, or par. Bond Company/ Rating Face Value (FV) Coupon Rate Annual Payment (PMT) Time-to Maturity (NPER) Yield-to-Maturity (RATE) Market Value (Quote) Discount, Premium, Par A-Rated $1,000 B-Rated $1,000 C-Rated $1,000 Explain the relationship observed between ratings and yield to maturity. Explain why the coupon rate and the yield to maturity determine why the bonds would trade at a discount, premium, or par. Based on the material you learn in this Phase, what would you expect to happen to the yield to maturity and market value of the bonds if the time to maturity was increased or decreased by 5 years? Answers: The completed table is shown below (Morningstar, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c) There is an inverse relationship between credit rating and yield to maturity. This is primarily because corporate bonds having lesser credit rating are more vulnerable to default and hence there is a higher risk for the investors. As a result, investors tend to expect a higher yield on these bonds that acts as compensation to the additional risk assumed by the investor (Damodaran, 2008). The coupon rate along with the YTM defines whether the bond would be traded at a premium, par or discount. Hence, when the coupon rate and YTM are equal, then the bonds tend to trade at par since the coupon rate offered is equal to the yield expected by the investors. However, when the coupon rate is greater than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a premium (i.e. greater than the par value) since the coupon offered by the bond is greater than the expected yield on the bond due to which there is a greater demand of such bonds in the market. Additionally, when the coupon rate is lower than the YTM, then the bond would trade at a discount (i.e. lesser than par value) as the coupon offered by the bond is less than that expected by the investors (Kane Marcus, 2013). A decrease in the maturity date tends to decrease the YTM and thus increases the bond prices. Whereas, an increase in the maturity date tends to increase the YTM and thus decreases the bond prices (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). CAPM Approach The completed table is shown below (Yahoo Finance, 2016). Company 5-year Risk-Free Rate of Return Beta () 5-Year Return on Top 500 Stocks Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Microsoft 1.45% 1.02 8.77% 8.92% Apple 1.45% 1.06 8.77% 9.21% IBM 1.45% 0.63 8.77% 6.06% The riskfree rate is taken as the yield on US treasury 5 year bond that comes out as 1.45% pa. The beta of the various stocks has been estimated from Yahoo Finance website. As per the CAPM model (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Required rate of return = Risk free rate + Beta*(Market return Risk free rate) Required rate of return (Microsoft) = 1.45 + 1.02*(8.77-1.45) = 8.92% pa Required rate of return (Apple) = 1.45 + 1.06*(8.77-1.45) = 9.21% pa Required rate of return (IBM) = 1.45 + 0.63*(8.77-1.45) = 6.06% pa Valuation using Gordon Model Company Current Dividend ($) Projected Growth Rate (next year) Required Rate of Return (CAPM) Estimated Stock Price (Gordon Model) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 1.24 4% 8.92% 26.2 50.80 Over Apple 2.08 4.5% 9.21% 46.2 96.30 Over IBM 5.2 3.5% 6.06% 210.2 129.56 Under Estimated stock price (Microsoft) = 1.24*1.04/(0.0892-0.04) = $26.2 Estimated stock price (Apple) = 2.08*1.045/(0.0921-0.045) = $ 46.2 Estimated stock price (IBM) = 5.2*1.035/(0.0606-0.035) = $ 210.2 Valuation using P/E ratio Company Estimated Earning (next year) P/E Ratio Estimated Stock Price (P/E) Current Stock Price Over/Under Priced Microsoft 3.12 33.51 104.5 50.80 Under Apple 10.49 10.35 108.6 96.30 Under IBM 15.01 8.97 133.14 129.56 Under All the relevant data for the above table has been obtained from Yahoo Finance (2016). As per the Gordon dividend growth model, Estimated stock price = Dividend next year/(Required return dividend growth rate) Thus, the estimated stock price is inversely proportional to the required return on stock while it is directly proportional to the dividend growth rate. This is primarily because a higher dividend growth rate would increase the numerator and also would decrease the denominator and thus, lead to a higher estimated stock price. Additionally, a higher dividend paying stock would have a higher value assuming that denominator remains constant similar to the higher price of a higher coupon paying bond assuming YTM as constant. As per the Gordon dividend model, the current stock is the present value of all the dividends that would be paid over the life of the stock assuming perpetual holding period (Kane Marcus, 2013). Advantage of Gordon Growth Model It is an easy and convenient method to estimate the value of the stock of a particular company irrespective of the industry it belongs to (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Disadvantages of Gordon Growth Model It cannot be used to estimate the stock price of those companies that do not pay dividends (Marcus Kane, 2013). It does not give emphasis to factors other than dividends for the determination of stock price particularly the presence of intangible assets that are critical in modern knowledge based economy (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). The dividend growth does not remain constant and typically varies even for mature stocks. The dividend growth rate always has to be lower than the required rate on equity that is not always true and thus, prices of such stocks cannot be determined (Damodaran, 2008). The P/E approach primarily relies on estimation of EPS in the next year and multiplying that with the current P/E ratio so as to determine the estimated price of the stock in the next year assuming that P/E ratio remains constant (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Hence, estimated value of stock = Current P/E ratio * Estimated EPS in the next year The P/E model seems to be more accurate in determining the value of stock. This is primarily because the prices in the Gordon dividend growth model are highly sensitive to the dividend growth rate that cannot be predicted with high degree of accuracy in the future. As a result, the values obtained through P/E multiple are closer to the current market price (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). If the growth rate of the company would increase, then the value of the stock would increase as the next year dividend would increase while the denominator in Gordon growth model would decrease. An increase in the required rate of return would lower the stock value. Further, an increase in the dividends would increase the stock price in line with the Gordon growth model where the stock price is directly proportional to the dividends being paid. If the EPS of the stock would increase, then the stock price would increase due to higher profitability in line with the P/E approach (Damodaran, 2008). References Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F. (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw Hill Publications Damodaran, A. (2008), Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Kane, B.Z. Marcus, A.J. (2013). Essentials of Investment, Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Morningstar (2016a), Verizon Communications Inc, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/stocknet/bonds.aspx?symbol=vz Morningstar (2016b), KLA-Tencor Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 ttp://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=KLACcountry=USA Morningstar (2016c), Oracle Corp, MorningStar Website, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/bonds.aspx?Symbol=ORCLcountry=USA Parrino, R. Kidwell, D. (2011), Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Yahoo Finance (2016), Historical prices, Yahoo Finance, Retrieved on January 12, 2016 https://finance.yahoo.com/